国家博物馆巴干古屋于1958年建立，目的是为了收集、保存和展示从巴干古屋遗址及其它考古遗址发掘出的史前文物。

二战期间，荷兰考古学家H.R.范希克伦（H.R.Van Heekeren）作为战俘在缅甸修建死亡铁路时，在喀比县巴干古村（Ban Kao）附近发现了打制石器和磨制石斧。战争结束后，他将这些石器带回美国皮博迪博物馆进行研究分析，促使泰国及外国考古学家于1949年首次在巴干地区进行考古发掘。

随后，1959年至1961年，泰丹考古合作项目的前史探测团队在巴干古屋遗址进行考古研究，发现了大量的史前文物。这之后，艺术文化部便决定在该遗址建立国家博物馆巴干古屋。

博物馆内的展览分为几个展区：
- 展厅1展示了甘烹碧市的历史、地形、地质、森林和自然资源。
- 展厅2展示了从巴干古屋遗址及附近的耶彭（Nai Bang）、鲁尔（Nai Rueang）、塔坡寺（Wat Tha Po）、和其他洞穴等遗址发掘的史前文物，包括三足陶碗、颈瓶、盘子、打制石器、石珠和古代人类的骸骨等重要文物。
- 展厅3则展出了从洞穴、岩石棚和喀比小河和大河沿岸发掘的木棺。这些木棺由直径约60-80厘米、长度250-300厘米的大木料制成，通常为硬木，如黄檀等。棺材沿纵向劈开，中间留有空隙，可能用于安置人骨及死者的随葬品，棺材的两端雕刻有类似人或动物的头部。
- 展厅4展示了从甘烹碧省考古发掘出的文物，涵盖史前、青铜时代的 artefacts，如来自博恩瑙（Ban Don Noi）、邦彭（Ban Don Ta Phet）等地的发现。
- 展厅5复原了人类在狩猎和农业社会中的生活方式，展示了史前人类依靠狩猎和采集的生活方式，以及重要文物例如狮子形吊坠、石珠以及在博恩瑙（Ban Don Ta Phet）发现的公鸡铜雕。
- 展厅6展示了考古工作进展的照片，以及1974年至1987年在占城造万（Mueng Singh）寺庙的发掘和修复中所发现的重要文物，包括菩萨阿弥陀佛像、多民族人物像、陶器、青铜器、石药碾和建筑构件等。

这些展示为访客提供了深入了解甘烹碧丰富历史与文化的机会。

The National Museum of Ban Kao was established in 1965 to collect, preserve, and exhibit prehistoric artifacts obtained from archaeological excavations at the Ban Kao archaeological site and other sites in Kanchanaburi Province.

The museum's origins trace back to the findings of H.R. Van Heekeren, a Dutch archaeologist who was captured as a prisoner of war during World War II. While forced to work on the Death Railway in Thailand, he discovered chipped stone tools and polished stone axes near Ban Kao, Kanchanaburi. After the war, he brought these findings to the Peabody Museum in the United States for further study. This led to the first archaeological explorations conducted by both Thai and international archaeologists in the Ban Kao area in 1956.

Between 1960 and 1962, a prehistoric exploration project funded by a cooperative archaeological effort between Thailand and Denmark took place at the Ban Kao site, specifically on the land of Mr. Lue and Mr. Bang near the Khwae Noi River. A wealth of prehistoric artifacts was discovered, prompting the Fine Arts Department to establish the National Museum of Ban Kao on the excavation site.

Inside the museum, the exhibitions are organized as follows:

- **Exhibition Room 1**: This room showcases the history of Kanchanaburi, its geographical features, geology, forests, and natural resources.
  
- **Exhibition Room 2**: Here, visitors can view prehistoric artifacts unearthed during excavations at sites such as Ban Kao, including significant items like tripod pots, urn-shaped vessels, stone tools, beads, and prehistoric human remains.
  
- **Exhibition Room 3**: This section features wooden coffins discovered during archaeological work in caves and along the banks of the Khwae Noi and Khwae Yai rivers. These coffins, made from large logs with diameters of 60-80 cm and lengths of 250-300 cm, were hollowed out and likely used for housing human skeletons and ceremonial objects. The head and foot ends often exhibit designs resembling human or animal heads. Such wooden coffins have also been found in places like Mae Hong Son and overseas in China, Myanmar, and Malaysia.

- **Exhibition Room 4**: This room displays artifacts retrieved from archaeological investigations in Kanchanaburi, dating from the prehistoric period through the Metal Age. Notable sites include Ban Don Noi in Bo Phloi District and Ban Don Taphat in Phanom Thuan District.

- **Exhibition Room 5**: This exhibition depicts the lifestyle of humans in both hunter-gatherer and agricultural societies, illustrating the social evolution of prehistoric humans. Displayed artifacts include significant finds like a lion-shaped pendant, stone beads, and a bronze sculpture of a chicken from the Ban Don Taphat archaeological site, alongside an image of a bronze Roman lamp discovered at the Phong Tuk archaeological site.

- **Exhibition Room 6**: This room features photographs documenting archaeological activities and showcases important artifacts uncovered during the restoration and excavation of the Singha Fort from 1974 to 1987. These include sculptures of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, depictions of various ethnic figures, earthenware, bronze vessels, a stone grinding platform, and architectural fragments.

Overall, the National Museum of Ban Kao offers a fascinating glimpse into the rich prehistoric history of the Kanchanaburi region and should not be missed by visitors interested in archaeology and cultural heritage.

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